the_dave
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Since the nineteenth century, thousands of cuneiform tablets dating to the Old Babylonian Period (c. 1900-1700 BCE) have come to light at various sites in ancient Mesopotamia (modern Iraq). A significant number record mathematical tables, problems, and calculations. In the 1920s these tablets began to be systematically studied by Otto Neugebauer, who spent two decades transcribing and interpreting tablets housed in European and American museums. His labors, and those of his associates, rivals, and successors, have revealed a rich culture of mathematical practice and education that flourished more than a thousand years before the Greek sages Thales and Pythagoras with whom histories of mathematics used to begin.
http://www.nyu.edu/isaw/exhibitions/before-pythagoras/?sms_ss=facebook&at_xt=4cdd58c39ac74783%2C0
http://www.nyu.edu/isaw/exhibitions/before-pythagoras/?sms_ss=facebook&at_xt=4cdd58c39ac74783%2C0